tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21286717035668109072024-02-20T09:09:19.077-08:00COSMOLOGIAAndres Gilhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03470310161637358429noreply@blogger.comBlogger3125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2128671703566810907.post-34915007426997674722010-11-01T13:36:00.000-07:002010-11-01T13:36:43.050-07:00TRES RAMAS HISTORICAS EN EL ESTUDIO DELA COSMOLOGIA<h1 style="margin: auto 0cm;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Cosmología física</span></span><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></h1><span class="google-src-text1">Physical cosmology is the branch of physics and astrophysics that deals with the study of the physical origins and evolution of the Universe.</span> la cosmología física es la rama de la física y la astrofísica que se ocupa del estudio de los orígenes y la evolución física del universo. <span class="google-src-text1">It also includes the study of the nature of the Universe on its very largest scales.</span> También incluye el estudio de la naturaleza del Universo en sus escalas muy grandes. <span class="google-src-text1">In its earliest form it was what is now known as </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celestial_mechanics&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi-zb4OvFQLiaXplWfXlkErUAWRaQ" title="Mecánica celeste"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">celestial mechanics</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> , the study of the </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celestial_sphere&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjNz4fLqXHmybnnHeMjhxg4Jqre5w" title="esfera celeste"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">heavens</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> .</span> En su forma más temprana era lo que ahora se conoce como <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celestial_mechanics&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi-zb4OvFQLiaXplWfXlkErUAWRaQ" title="Mecánica celeste">la mecánica celeste</a> , el estudio de los <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celestial_sphere&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjNz4fLqXHmybnnHeMjhxg4Jqre5w" title="esfera celeste">cielos</a> . <span class="google-src-text1">The Greek philosophers </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristarchus_of_Samos&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgkJiTTC6M8qgkfvD7B_C2kEx2wSQ" title="Aristarco de Samos"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">Aristarchus of Samos</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> , </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiqWxU-X2y7-gtDXb3r-tqE95e4Kw" title="Aristóteles"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">Aristotle</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> and </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiILIDc2MBtspFbcD_iigXrgAY8xA" title="Ptolomeo"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">Ptolemy</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> proposed different cosmological theories.</span> Los filósofos griegos <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristarchus_of_Samos&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgkJiTTC6M8qgkfvD7B_C2kEx2wSQ" title="Aristarco de Samos">Aristarco de Samos</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiqWxU-X2y7-gtDXb3r-tqE95e4Kw" title="Aristóteles">Aristóteles</a> y <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiILIDc2MBtspFbcD_iigXrgAY8xA" title="Ptolomeo">Tolomeo</a> propuso diferentes teorías cosmológicas. <span class="google-src-text1">In particular, the </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geocentric&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhEC1QB9Sdkw8Z0CNaUGIRrMWKSJw" title="Geocéntrico"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">geocentric</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemaic_system&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgSMd9bx-PZh01T6IOxr0Pg8yPMlA" title="Sistema de Ptolomeo"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">Ptolemaic system</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> was the accepted theory to explain the motion of the heavens until </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaus_Copernicus&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgEUbouMYQTtaLC1fgvViv7FByn7g" title="Nicolás Copérnico"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">Nicolaus Copernicus</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> , and subsequently </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjdiJtZMHCr1s_ja3V-kKt7UeqiUA" title="Johannes Kepler"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">Johannes Kepler</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> and </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_Galilei&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiHkovBiHIUqM86RBvdb4BI9I6lIw" title="Galileo Galilei"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">Galileo Galilei</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> proposed a </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliocentric&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgKvY1udTRTA5vu8zvDi7CQLRIHMQ" title="Heliocéntrico"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">heliocentric</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> system in the 16th century.</span> En particular, la <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geocentric&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhEC1QB9Sdkw8Z0CNaUGIRrMWKSJw" title="Geocéntrico"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">geocéntrica</span></a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemaic_system&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgSMd9bx-PZh01T6IOxr0Pg8yPMlA" title="Sistema de Ptolomeo"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">sistema de Ptolomeo</span></a> era la teoría aceptada para explicar el movimiento de los cielos hasta que <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaus_Copernicus&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgEUbouMYQTtaLC1fgvViv7FByn7g" title="Nicolás Copérnico">Nicolás Copérnico</a> , y, posteriormente, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjdiJtZMHCr1s_ja3V-kKt7UeqiUA" title="Johannes Kepler">Johannes Kepler</a> y <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_Galilei&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiHkovBiHIUqM86RBvdb4BI9I6lIw" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileo Galilei</a> propuso una <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliocentric&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgKvY1udTRTA5vu8zvDi7CQLRIHMQ" title="Heliocéntrico"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">heliocéntrica</span></a> del sistema en el siglo 16. <span class="google-src-text1">This is known as one of the most famous examples of </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistemological_rupture&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjfwopcfx0Bc-Uz4MHwJuF96ckf6w" title="Ruptura epistemológica"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">epistemological rupture</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> in physical cosmology.</span> Esto es conocido como uno de los ejemplos más famosos de la <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistemological_rupture&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjfwopcfx0Bc-Uz4MHwJuF96ckf6w" title="Ruptura epistemológica">ruptura epistemológica</a> en la cosmología física. <br />
<span class="google-src-text1">With </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Newton&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi9_Jby0KlLYQ1Wn6V63tU9vXDuTQ" title="Isaac Newton"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">Isaac Newton</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> and the 1687 publication of </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophiae_Naturalis_Principia_Mathematica&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi1yXQ_m1x0qOZzFVwucksPTSb-jA" title="Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica"><i><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">Principia Mathematica</span></i></a><span class="google-src-text1"> , the problem of the motion of the heavens was finally solved.</span> Con <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Newton&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi9_Jby0KlLYQ1Wn6V63tU9vXDuTQ" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a> y la publicación 1687 de <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophiae_Naturalis_Principia_Mathematica&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi1yXQ_m1x0qOZzFVwucksPTSb-jA" title="Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica"><i><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">los Principia Mathematica</span></i></a> , el problema del movimiento de los cielos fue finalmente resuelto. <span class="google-src-text1">Newton provided a physical mechanism for </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler's_laws&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgsJKx6KodhGowQnQTykn5yiCfEjA" title="las leyes de Kepler"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">Kepler's laws</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> and his </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_universal_gravitation&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhw9HfIUCEUKV9AeLanbjuXgLlpkA" title="Ley de la gravitación universal"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">law of universal gravitation</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> allowed the anomalies in previous systems, caused by gravitational interaction between the planets, to be resolved.</span> Newton proporciona un mecanismo físico de <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler's_laws&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgsJKx6KodhGowQnQTykn5yiCfEjA" title="las leyes de Kepler"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">las leyes de Kepler</span></a> y su <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_universal_gravitation&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhw9HfIUCEUKV9AeLanbjuXgLlpkA" title="Ley de la gravitación universal"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">ley de gravitación universal</span></a> permitió las anomalías en los sistemas anteriores, causado por la interacción gravitacional entre los planetas, que se resolvió. <span class="google-src-text1">A fundamental difference between Newton's cosmology and those preceding it was the </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copernican_principle&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi08YmQtOlZIN_jGCIYo21GvLbAGQ" title="Copérnico principio"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">Copernican principle</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> that the bodies on earth obey the same </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_law&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhwlRPjgA68mAvxM1qb4TDftSnaZQ" title="La ley física"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">physical laws</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> as all the celestial bodies.</span> Una diferencia fundamental entre la cosmología de Newton y los anteriores fue el <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copernican_principle&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi08YmQtOlZIN_jGCIYo21GvLbAGQ" title="Copérnico principio">principio de Copérnico</a> de que los organismos en la tierra obedecen a las mismas <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_law&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhwlRPjgA68mAvxM1qb4TDftSnaZQ" title="La ley física">leyes físicas</a> como todos los cuerpos celestes. <span class="google-src-text1">This was a crucial philosophical advance in physical cosmology.</span> Este fue un avance crucial en la cosmología física filosófica. <br />
<span class="google-src-text1">Modern scientific cosmology is usually considered to have begun in 1917 with </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhiNz-rr359vSZYwoC_oLmh1vtfTg" title="Albert Einstein"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">Albert Einstein</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> 's publication of his final modification of </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_relativity&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhj1kOwNgFWGoohqe3HbMNlKGgoxEg" title="Relatividad general"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">general relativity</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> in the paper "Cosmological Considerations of the General Theory of Relativity," (although this paper was not widely available outside of Germany until the end of </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjzV98w7crDScWJQYozddGz8zhuuQ" title="La Primera Guerra Mundial"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">World War I</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> ).</span> científica cosmología moderna se considera generalmente para haber comenzado en 1917 con <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhiNz-rr359vSZYwoC_oLmh1vtfTg" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a> publicación s "de su modificación final de <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_relativity&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhj1kOwNgFWGoohqe3HbMNlKGgoxEg" title="Relatividad general">la relatividad general</a> en el documento "Consideraciones cosmológicas de la Teoría General de la Relatividad", (aunque este trabajo no fue ampliamente disponible fuera de Alemania hasta Al final de <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjzV98w7crDScWJQYozddGz8zhuuQ" title="La Primera Guerra Mundial">la Segunda Guerra Mundial</a> ). <span class="google-src-text1">General relativity prompted </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmogony&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg3KngpwcA88pEEiQj7EgPzJB721w" title="Cosmogonía"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">cosmogonists</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> such as </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willem_de_Sitter&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhh0osao0VZ-oNN9StFUic-5uthT2Q" title="Willem de Sitter"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">Willem de Sitter</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> , </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Schwarzschild&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgdNTdoaw_fnvUgFk6bqyCs-OWhCw" title="Karl Schwarzschild"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">Karl Schwarzschild</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> and </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Eddington&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhijmi_1TkBnOA2qfsCSZbLWsfsa6w" title="Arthur Eddington"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">Arthur Eddington</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> to explore the astronomical consequences of the theory, which enhanced the growing ability of </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomy&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgp99zvjqD_f9_vCl4TXG3imo-qDA" title="Astronomía"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">astronomers</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> to study very distant objects.</span> La relatividad general se le solicite <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmogony&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg3KngpwcA88pEEiQj7EgPzJB721w" title="Cosmogonía">cosmogonistas</a> como <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willem_de_Sitter&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhh0osao0VZ-oNN9StFUic-5uthT2Q" title="Willem de Sitter">Willem de Sitter</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Schwarzschild&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgdNTdoaw_fnvUgFk6bqyCs-OWhCw" title="Karl Schwarzschild">Karl Schwarzschild</a> y <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Eddington&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhijmi_1TkBnOA2qfsCSZbLWsfsa6w" title="Arthur Eddington">Eddington Arthur</a> para explorar las consecuencias de la teoría astronómica, que mejora la capacidad cada vez mayor de <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomy&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgp99zvjqD_f9_vCl4TXG3imo-qDA" title="Astronomía">los astrónomos</a> para estudiar objetos muy distantes. <span class="google-src-text1">Prior to this (and for some time afterwards), physicists assumed that the Universe was static and unchanging.</span> Antes de esto los físicos (y durante algún tiempo después), que se supone que el Universo era estático e inmutable. <span class="google-src-text1">In parallel to this dynamic approach to cosmology, a debate was unfolding regarding the nature of the cosmos itself.</span> Paralelamente a este enfoque dinámico de la cosmología, se desarrollaba un debate sobre la naturaleza del propio cosmos. <span class="google-src-text1">On the one hand, Mount Wilson astronomer </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harlow_Shapley&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiNfdzZpWnaVW7QrWT8gzO3KQl4fQ" title="Harlow Shapley"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">Harlow Shapley</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> championed the model of a cosmos made up of the </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhYadYuy2bTYhuo9fcnABLwbOE2jg" title="Vía Láctea"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">Milky Way</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> star system only. </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heber_D._Curtis&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhit3eZS4DKKMo60c5q9PRgGcT5IPw" title="Heber D. Curtis"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">Heber D. Curtis</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> , on the other hand, suggested spiral nebulae were star systems in their own right, island universes.</span> Por un lado, el Monte Wilson astrónomo <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harlow_Shapley&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiNfdzZpWnaVW7QrWT8gzO3KQl4fQ" title="Harlow Shapley">Harlow Shapley</a> defendía el modelo de un cosmos compuesto por el <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhYadYuy2bTYhuo9fcnABLwbOE2jg" title="Vía Láctea">Vía Láctea</a> sistema de estrellas solamente. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heber_D._Curtis&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhit3eZS4DKKMo60c5q9PRgGcT5IPw" title="Heber D. Curtis"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Heber D. Curtis</span></a> , en cambio, sugirió nebulosas espirales eran los sistemas de estrellas en su propio derecho, universos isla. <span class="google-src-text1">This difference of ideas came to a climax with the organization of </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Great_Debate&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjfnFPk4FISfxuxPyddSFhTcsuHJg" title="El gran debate"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">the Great Debate</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> at the meeting of the (US) National Academy of Sciences in Washington on 26 April 1920.</span> Esta diferencia de ideas llegó a su clímax con la organización de <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Great_Debate&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjfnFPk4FISfxuxPyddSFhTcsuHJg" title="El gran debate">la gran debate</a> en la reunión de los EE.UU.) de la Academia Nacional (de Ciencias en Washington el 26 de abril de 1920. <span class="google-src-text1">The resolution of the debate on the structure of the cosmos came with the detection of novae in the </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_galaxy&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhkg0juanGUY6ZoNAOt1P-YG5XlHw" title="Galaxia de Andrómeda"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">Andromeda galaxy</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> by </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhj-HNWd_yf7b92WP2I7rYtr5gbjHQ" title="Edwin Hubble"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">Edwin Hubble</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> in 1923 and 1924.</span> La resolución del debate sobre la estructura del cosmos viene con la detección de las novas en la <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_galaxy&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhkg0juanGUY6ZoNAOt1P-YG5XlHw" title="Galaxia de Andrómeda"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">galaxia de Andrómeda</span></a> por <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhj-HNWd_yf7b92WP2I7rYtr5gbjHQ" title="Edwin Hubble">Edwin Hubble</a> en 1923 y 1924. <span class="google-src-text1">Their distance established spiral nebulae well beyond the edge of the Milky Way and has galaxies of their own.</span> Su distancia de las nebulosas espirales bien establecido más allá del borde de la Vía Láctea y las galaxias tiene de los suyos. <span class="google-src-text1">Subsequent modeling of the universe explored the possibility that the </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmological_constant&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjWM1hoXzm6_kVKoT8aKlP2QgteDQ" title="Constante cosmológica"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">cosmological constant</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> introduced by Einstein in his 1917 paper may result in an </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expanding_universe&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhDffCMxnIO3InAHxhzOf0prAWKCQ" title="Universo en expansión"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">expanding universe</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> , depending on its value.</span> modelos posteriores del universo explorado la posibilidad de que la <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmological_constant&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjWM1hoXzm6_kVKoT8aKlP2QgteDQ" title="Constante cosmológica">constante cosmológica</a> establecido por Einstein en su documento de 1917 puede dar lugar a un <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expanding_universe&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhDffCMxnIO3InAHxhzOf0prAWKCQ" title="Universo en expansión"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">universo en expansión</span></a> , en función de su valor. <span class="google-src-text1">Thus the </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_bang&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhq34xpQyKx_ZlH4I-gaMwEEOHDNg" title="Big Bang"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">big bang</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> model was proposed by the </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgium&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhtJ7_PAx-ZoJ9FDk2lglzdAEWQ2A" title="Bélgica"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">Belgian</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> priest </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Lema%25C3%25AEtre&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg4cbweU8JMDh6yf5Xf-JIHS2taWQ" title="Georges Lemaître"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">Georges Lemaître</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> in 1927 which was subsequently corroborated by </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhj-HNWd_yf7b92WP2I7rYtr5gbjHQ" title="Edwin Hubble"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">Edwin Hubble</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> 's discovery of the </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redshift&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhblSHb6hnlITfqHw8dbjKYLpvO8A" title="Desplazamiento hacia el rojo"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">red shift</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> in 1929 and later by the discovery of the </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_microwave_background_radiation&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiJ8Vk7VqE5ZKIwdS2k4QXY_fak6w" title="radiación de fondo cósmico de microondas"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">cosmic microwave background radiation</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> by </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arno_Penzias&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg3_9BQTnQbCRxISg0SwjlVoy6X3A" title="Arno Penzias"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">Arno Penzias</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> and </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Woodrow_Wilson&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhj223S-yO7I5nQ6biCSlO1h2BhGsA" title="Robert Woodrow Wilson"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">Robert Woodrow Wilson</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> in 1964.</span> Así, el <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_bang&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhq34xpQyKx_ZlH4I-gaMwEEOHDNg" title="Big Bang"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">big bang</span></a> modelo fue propuesto por el <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgium&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhtJ7_PAx-ZoJ9FDk2lglzdAEWQ2A" title="Bélgica">belga</a> sacerdote <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Lema%25C3%25AEtre&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg4cbweU8JMDh6yf5Xf-JIHS2taWQ" title="Georges Lemaître">Georges Lemaître</a> en 1927, lo cual fue corroborado posteriormente por <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhj-HNWd_yf7b92WP2I7rYtr5gbjHQ" title="Edwin Hubble">Edwin Hubble</a> descubrimiento s 'del <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redshift&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhblSHb6hnlITfqHw8dbjKYLpvO8A" title="Desplazamiento hacia el rojo">corrimiento hacia el rojo</a> en 1929 y más tarde por el descubrimiento de la <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_microwave_background_radiation&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiJ8Vk7VqE5ZKIwdS2k4QXY_fak6w" title="radiación de fondo cósmico de microondas">radiación de microondas cósmica de fondo</a> por <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arno_Penzias&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg3_9BQTnQbCRxISg0SwjlVoy6X3A" title="Arno Penzias"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Arno Penzias</span></a> y <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Woodrow_Wilson&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhj223S-yO7I5nQ6biCSlO1h2BhGsA" title="Robert Woodrow Wilson">Robert Woodrow Wilson</a> en 1964. <span class="google-src-text1">These findings were a first step to rule out some of many </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-standard_cosmology&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiYGzTLo4C5ZPsaPIlMCNYl2WGiqQ" title="la cosmología no estándar"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">alternative physical cosmologies</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> .</span> Estos resultados fueron un primer paso para descartar algunos de los muchos <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-standard_cosmology&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiYGzTLo4C5ZPsaPIlMCNYl2WGiqQ" title="la cosmología no estándar">cosmologías físicas alternativas</a> . <br />
<span class="google-src-text1">Recent observations made by the </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBE&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjZM8iu2EnK2lLtGPR0YM2oD-cNwQ" title="COBE"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">COBE</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> and </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WMAP&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhifiLUWqptdQ8uQMgcRcXxEAzQrDw" title="WMAP"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">WMAP</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> satellites observing this background radiation have effectively, in many scientists' eyes, transformed cosmology from a highly speculative science into a predictive science, as these observations matched predictions made by a theory called </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_inflation&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg8ol-V4ahXLM8A_-OEJbgBlHQ54Q" title="La inflación cósmica"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">Cosmic inflation</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> , which is a modification of the standard </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_bang&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhq34xpQyKx_ZlH4I-gaMwEEOHDNg" title="Big Bang"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">big bang</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> model.</span> Observaciones recientes realizadas por el <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBE&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjZM8iu2EnK2lLtGPR0YM2oD-cNwQ" title="COBE"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">COBE</span></a> y <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WMAP&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhifiLUWqptdQ8uQMgcRcXxEAzQrDw" title="WMAP"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">WMAP de</span></a> satélites de observación de esta radiación de fondo que efectivamente, en «los científicos los ojos de muchos, transformado la cosmología de una ciencia altamente especulativa en una ciencia predictiva, ya que estas observaciones pareadas predicciones de una teoría llamada <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_inflation&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg8ol-V4ahXLM8A_-OEJbgBlHQ54Q" title="La inflación cósmica"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">la inflación cósmica</span></a> , que es un modificación de la norma <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_bang&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhq34xpQyKx_ZlH4I-gaMwEEOHDNg" title="Big Bang"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">big bang</span></a> modelo. <span class="google-src-text1">This has led many to refer to modern times as the "Golden age of cosmology." </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmology&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhikLkvAflBLmhJS7Rl0xOv5DANxSg#cite_note-9"><sup><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">[ 10 ]</span></sup></a> Esto ha llevado a muchos a referirse a los tiempos modernos como la "edad de oro de la cosmología." <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmology&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhikLkvAflBLmhJS7Rl0xOv5DANxSg#cite_note-9"><sup>[10]</sup></a> <br />
<h1 style="margin: auto 0cm;"><span class="editsection"><span style="display: none; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hide: all;">[ </span></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php%3Ftitle%3DCosmology%26action%3Dedit%26section%3D5&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhLoKAA3F5StUtH0WRjf2ewIOdZkw" title="Editar sección: la cosmología metafísica"><span style="display: none; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hide: all;">edit</span></a><span class="editsection"><span style="display: none; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hide: all;"> ]</span></span><span class="google-src-text1"><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span><span class="mw-headline"><span style="display: none; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hide: all;">Metaphysical cosmology</span></span><span class="mw-headline"><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Cosmología metafísica</span></span><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></h1><span class="google-src-text1">In </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhXbZsLm11VqzEuquAt6X8qW0VEnQ" title="Filosofía"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">philosophy</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> and </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphysics&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjqYcpPMeHBPO965VBA7ZoCJJVmhQ" title="Metafísica"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">metaphysics</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> , cosmology deals with the world as the totality of space, time and all phenomena.</span> En <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhXbZsLm11VqzEuquAt6X8qW0VEnQ" title="Filosofía">la filosofía</a> y <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphysics&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjqYcpPMeHBPO965VBA7ZoCJJVmhQ" title="Metafísica">la metafísica</a> , se ocupa de la cosmología con el mundo como la totalidad del espacio, el tiempo y todos los fenómenos. <span class="google-src-text1">Historically, it has had quite a broad scope, and in many cases was founded in religion.</span> Históricamente, ha tenido bastante amplio alcance, y en muchos casos fue fundada en la religión. <span class="google-src-text1">The ancient Greeks did not draw a distinction between this use and their model for the cosmos.</span> Los antiguos griegos no establecer una distinción entre este uso y su modelo para el cosmos. <span class="google-src-text1">However, in modern use it addresses questions about the Universe which are beyond the scope of science.</span> Sin embargo, en el uso moderno que aborda cuestiones sobre el Universo que están más allá del alcance de la ciencia. <span class="google-src-text1">It is distinguished from religious cosmology in that it approaches these questions using philosophical methods (eg </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialectic&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhh7nRCl9XChIqw9AzxFee7vlxVwFw" title="Dialéctica"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">dialectics</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> ).</span> Se distingue de la cosmología religiosa en que se acerca a estas preguntas usando métodos filosóficos (por ejemplo, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialectic&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhh7nRCl9XChIqw9AzxFee7vlxVwFw" title="Dialéctica">la dialéctica</a> ). <span class="google-src-text1">Modern metaphysical cosmology tries to address questions such as:</span> La cosmología moderna metafísica trata de abordar cuestiones tales como: <br />
<ul type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="google-src-text1">What is the origin of the Universe?</span> ¿Cuál es el origen del Universo? <span class="google-src-text1">What is its first cause?</span> ¿Cuál es su causa primera? <span class="google-src-text1">Is its existence necessary?</span> ¿Es necesaria su existencia? <span class="google-src-text1">(see </span></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monism&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhijDesd77fhqTHE1LCJdLGbY0qCFQ" title="Monismo"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">monism</span></span></a><span class="google-src-text1"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> , </span></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantheism&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhispaoeTCoPGRA4WWBeaCr5BweS5Q" title="Panteísmo"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">pantheism</span></span></a><span class="google-src-text1"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> , </span></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanationism&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjJuIcY5D8qJQ6nxNj8kclhtodyDQ" title="Emanacionismo"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">emanationism</span></span></a><span class="google-src-text1"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> and </span></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creationism&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhj8MVvaBz7kaLL26HO3O37-SAZ3Xw" title="Creacionismo"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">creationism</span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="google-src-text1"> )</span> (Véase </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monism&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhijDesd77fhqTHE1LCJdLGbY0qCFQ" title="Monismo"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">el monismo</span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> , </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantheism&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhispaoeTCoPGRA4WWBeaCr5BweS5Q" title="Panteísmo"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">el panteísmo</span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> , </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanationism&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjJuIcY5D8qJQ6nxNj8kclhtodyDQ" title="Emanacionismo"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">emanacionismo</span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> y </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creationism&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhj8MVvaBz7kaLL26HO3O37-SAZ3Xw" title="Creacionismo"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">creacionismo</span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> ) </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="google-src-text1">What are the ultimate material components of the Universe?</span> ¿Cuáles son los componentes de material final del Universo? <span class="google-src-text1">(see </span></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanism_(philosophy)&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjFEJJEXfHrp1npZ7A7yITSGQK5SQ" title="Mecanismo (filosofía)"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">mechanism</span></span></a><span class="google-src-text1"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> , </span></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamism_(metaphysics)&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhj5Mv2FaiYxNjaqs4CfaEZX66CEpA" title="Dinamismo (la metafísica)"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">dynamism</span></span></a><span class="google-src-text1"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> , </span></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hylomorphism&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi0SR9-LisnKojGHEjcuCqsLed-QA" title="Hylomorphism"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">hylomorphism</span></span></a><span class="google-src-text1"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> , </span></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomism&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjFiwfmEUDDfeli90lHBsYBt-nOSQ" title="Atomismo"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;"><span style="color: purple; font-family: Calibri;">atomism</span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="google-src-text1"> )</span> (Véase el </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanism_(philosophy)&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjFEJJEXfHrp1npZ7A7yITSGQK5SQ" title="Mecanismo (filosofía)"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">mecanismo</span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> , </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamism_(metaphysics)&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhj5Mv2FaiYxNjaqs4CfaEZX66CEpA" title="Dinamismo (la metafísica)"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">el dinamismo</span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> , </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hylomorphism&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi0SR9-LisnKojGHEjcuCqsLed-QA" title="Hylomorphism"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">hylomorphism</span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> , </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomism&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjFiwfmEUDDfeli90lHBsYBt-nOSQ" title="Atomismo"><span style="color: purple; font-family: Calibri;">atomismo</span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> ) </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="google-src-text1">What is the ultimate reason for the existence of the Universe?</span> ¿Cuál es la razón última de la existencia del Universo? <span class="google-src-text1">Does the cosmos have a purpose?</span> ¿El cosmos tiene un propósito? <span class="google-src-text1">(see </span></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleology&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiS1tjGqzU6Xbm_qOpoLbJWKsy3fA" title="Teleología"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">teleology</span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="google-src-text1"> )</span> (Véase </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleology&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiS1tjGqzU6Xbm_qOpoLbJWKsy3fA" title="Teleología"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">la teleología</span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> ) </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="google-src-text1">Does the existence of consciousness have a purpose?</span> ¿La existencia de la conciencia tiene un propósito? <span class="google-src-text1">How do we know what we know about the totality of the cosmos?</span> ¿Cómo sabemos lo que sabemos sobre la totalidad del cosmos? <span class="google-src-text1">Does cosmological reasoning reveal metaphysical truths?</span> ¿El razonamiento cosmológico revelan verdades metafísicas? </span></li>
</ul><span class="google-src-text1">Many cultures have </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creation_stories&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjvhVl1kIs6NoPGHqE5rDATkRW09A" title="La creación de historias"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">creation stories</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> that explain the beginnings of the Universe and life.</span> Muchas culturas tienen <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creation_stories&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjvhVl1kIs6NoPGHqE5rDATkRW09A" title="La creación de historias"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">historias de la creación</span></a> que explican los orígenes del Universo y la vida. <span class="google-src-text1">Often these are derived from </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scripture&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiXsd_ysllYpmQxW7HUaT6_IKPKVA" title="Escritura"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">scriptural</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> teachings or held as the </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogma&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhqh-uAt5ufYKkhArfCD7-TapB-3g" title="Dogma"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">dogma</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> of a particular faith.</span> A menudo, estos se derivan de <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scripture&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiXsd_ysllYpmQxW7HUaT6_IKPKVA" title="Escritura">las Escrituras</a> enseñanzas o mantenidos como el <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogma&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhqh-uAt5ufYKkhArfCD7-TapB-3g" title="Dogma">dogma</a> de una fe en particular. <span class="google-src-text1">In some cases these are extended through philosophical and metaphysical arguments.</span> En algunos casos, estas se extienden a través de argumentos filosóficos y metafísicos. <br />
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<h1 style="margin: auto 0cm;"><span class="google-src-text1"><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Cosmologia religiosa</span></span><span class="google-src-text1"><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hide: none;"></span></span></h1><span class="google-src-text1">In some creation stories, the universe was </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmogony&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg3KngpwcA88pEEiQj7EgPzJB721w" title="Cosmogonía"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">created</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> by a direct act of a </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creator_deity&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgYLvMQfscB6Li_8pLuA9OT13XqBA" title="Creador deidad"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">god or gods</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> who are also responsible for the creation of </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_race&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhwNI5Qy2i7r1V3EtleTA2oCfv9gA" title="Raza humana"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">humanity</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> (see </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creationism&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhj8MVvaBz7kaLL26HO3O37-SAZ3Xw" title="Creacionismo"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">creationism</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> ).</span> En algunas historias de la creación, el universo fue <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmogony&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg3KngpwcA88pEEiQj7EgPzJB721w" title="Cosmogonía">creado</a> por un acto directo de un <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creator_deity&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgYLvMQfscB6Li_8pLuA9OT13XqBA" title="Creador deidad">dios o dioses</a> , que son también responsables de la creación de <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_race&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhwNI5Qy2i7r1V3EtleTA2oCfv9gA" title="Raza humana"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">la humanidad</span></a> (ver <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creationism&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhj8MVvaBz7kaLL26HO3O37-SAZ3Xw" title="Creacionismo">creacionismo</a> ). <span class="google-src-text1">In many cases, religious cosmologies also foretell the </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eschatology&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi6hQpp2uetQYWbrO4pCE7UpHLFew" title="Escatología"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">end of the Universe</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> , either through another divine act or as part of the original design.</span> En muchos casos, las cosmologías religiosas también predecir el <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eschatology&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi6hQpp2uetQYWbrO4pCE7UpHLFew" title="Escatología">fin del Universo</a> , ya sea a través de otro acto divino o como parte del diseño original. <br />
<ul type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span class="google-src-text1"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Both </span></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgCdh2LWFJ7O1523h_kRSMbgvsx3w" title="El cristianismo"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Christianity</span></span></a><span class="google-src-text1"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> and </span></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judaism&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjgCLNme9J-gNp7MfFgedt1UZ3WIA" title="Judaísmo"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Judaism</span></span></a><span class="google-src-text1"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> rely on the </span></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genesis_creation_story&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjGSyKkWNf1mxXWEBSMav7wD_NG9Q" title="Génesis historia de la creación"><span class="google-src-text1"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Genesis creation story</span></span></span></a><span class="google-src-text1"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> as a </span></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scripture&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiXsd_ysllYpmQxW7HUaT6_IKPKVA" title="Escritura"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">scriptural account</span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="google-src-text1"> of cosmology.</span> Tanto </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgCdh2LWFJ7O1523h_kRSMbgvsx3w" title="El cristianismo"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">el cristianismo</span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> y </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judaism&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjgCLNme9J-gNp7MfFgedt1UZ3WIA" title="Judaísmo"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">el judaísmo</span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> se basan en la </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genesis_creation_story&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjGSyKkWNf1mxXWEBSMav7wD_NG9Q" title="Génesis historia de la creación"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">historia de la creación del Génesis</span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> como un </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scripture&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiXsd_ysllYpmQxW7HUaT6_IKPKVA" title="Escritura"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">relato de las Escrituras</span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> de la cosmología. <span class="google-src-text1">See also </span></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblical_cosmology&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgE1hXET243yIpMaGj9e4kGvjEBdA" title="La cosmología bíblica"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Biblical cosmology</span></span></a><span class="google-src-text1"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> and </span></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzimtzum&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiHjahtxuxqaij0dc7uubeRzT9O9A" title="Tzimtzum"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Tzimtzum</span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="google-src-text1"> .</span> Véase también </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblical_cosmology&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgE1hXET243yIpMaGj9e4kGvjEBdA" title="La cosmología bíblica"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">la cosmología bíblica</span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> y </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzimtzum&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiHjahtxuxqaij0dc7uubeRzT9O9A" title="Tzimtzum"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Tzimtzum</span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> . </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_cosmology&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiBSK79195n_7q7CZtkWKlww6eZrA" title="La cosmología islámica"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Islam</span></span></a><span class="google-src-text1"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> relies on understanding from the </span></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qur'an&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhh7aMuaPC6x8MtBhjOr-DxuXie-Sw" title="Corán"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Qur'an</span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="google-src-text1"> as its major source for explaining cosmology.</span> </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_cosmology&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiBSK79195n_7q7CZtkWKlww6eZrA" title="La cosmología islámica"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">El Islam</span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> se basa en la comprensión del </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qur'an&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhh7aMuaPC6x8MtBhjOr-DxuXie-Sw" title="Corán"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Corán</span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> como fuente esencial para explicar la cosmología. </span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span class="google-src-text1"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Large scale structure of the Universe according to one </span></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu_cosmology&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgDXeQW2C7hrB2JNeEYFhxzVItChA" title="La cosmología hindú"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Hindu cosmology</span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="google-src-text1"> .</span> Estructura a gran escala del Universo según una </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu_cosmology&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgDXeQW2C7hrB2JNeEYFhxzVItChA" title="La cosmología hindú"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">cosmología hindú</span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> . </span></div><ul type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span class="google-src-text1"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Certain adherents of </span></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist_cosmology&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjDKYGkCZdzxAsqvF9y_r-w-JQaxA" title="La cosmología budista"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Buddhism</span></span></a><span class="google-src-text1"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> , </span></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu_cosmology&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgDXeQW2C7hrB2JNeEYFhxzVItChA" title="La cosmología hindú"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Hinduism</span></span></a><span class="google-src-text1"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> and </span></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jain_cosmology&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg76sfoM2RubcZxfWk___IOA5IZ4g" title="Jain cosmología"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Jainism</span></span></a><span class="google-src-text1"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> believe that the Universe passes through endless cycles of creation and destruction, each cycle lasting for trillions of years (eg 331 trillion years, or the life-span of Brahma, according to </span></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduism&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjU89Me6Uga2f7yAWrmiq_xO4F8Nw" title="Hinduismo"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Hinduism</span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="google-src-text1"> ), and each cycle with sub-cycles of local creation and destruction (eg 4.32 billion years, or a day of Brahma, according to Hinduism).</span> Algunos seguidores del </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist_cosmology&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjDKYGkCZdzxAsqvF9y_r-w-JQaxA" title="La cosmología budista"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">budismo</span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> , </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu_cosmology&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgDXeQW2C7hrB2JNeEYFhxzVItChA" title="La cosmología hindú"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">el hinduismo</span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> y </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jain_cosmology&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg76sfoM2RubcZxfWk___IOA5IZ4g" title="Jain cosmología"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">el jainismo</span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> creen que el universo pasa a través de interminables ciclos de creación y destrucción, cada ciclo dura para miles de millones de años (por ejemplo 331000000000000 años, o el lapso de la vida de Brahma, de acuerdo con </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduism&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjU89Me6Uga2f7yAWrmiq_xO4F8Nw" title="Hinduismo"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">el hinduismo</span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> ), y el ciclo de cada con sub-ciclos de creación local y la destrucción (por ejemplo, 4320 millones años, o un día de Brahma, de acuerdo con el hinduismo). <span class="google-src-text1">The </span></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedas&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjOusekm9yNCreuLpiWy0NOtd6NfQ" title="Vedas"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Vedic</span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="google-src-text1"> (Hindu) view of the world sees one true divine principle self-projecting as the divine word, 'birthing' the cosmos that we know from the monistic <i>Hiranyagarbha</i> or Golden Womb.</span> El </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedas&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjOusekm9yNCreuLpiWy0NOtd6NfQ" title="Vedas"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">védica</span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> (hindú) Habida cuenta de que el mundo ve un principio divino verdadero auto-proyección que la palabra divina, 'nacimiento' del cosmos que conocemos de la monista <i>Hiranyagarbha</i> o matriz de oro. </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span class="google-src-text1"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">A complex mixture of native Vedic gods, spirits, and demons, overlaid with imported Hindu and Buddhist deities, beliefs, and practices are the key to the </span></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lanka&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhrVpgG2dfr2FSfjmEEcnNF8EJVFg" title="Sri Lanka"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Sri Lankan</span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="google-src-text1"> cosmology.</span> Una compleja mezcla de nativos dioses védicos, espíritus y demonios, cubierto de importación hindú y las deidades budistas, creencias y prácticas son la clave de la </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lanka&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhrVpgG2dfr2FSfjmEEcnNF8EJVFg" title="Sri Lanka"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Sri Lanka</span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> cosmología. </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span class="google-src-text1"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The </span></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhihXH07bv5GfyS180MC4sODt0shdA" title="Aborígenes de Australia"><span class="google-src-text1"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Australian Aboriginal</span></span></span></a><span class="google-src-text1"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> concept of </span></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dreaming_(spirituality)&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgEXGYavzCHKmaFMPEXJy25NwIjWg" title="Soñando (espiritualidad)"><i><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Dreaming</span></span></i></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="google-src-text1"> explains the creation of the universe as an eternal continuum; <i>everywhen</i> .</span> El </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhihXH07bv5GfyS180MC4sODt0shdA" title="Aborígenes de Australia"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">aborigen australiano</span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> concepto de </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dreaming_(spirituality)&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgEXGYavzCHKmaFMPEXJy25NwIjWg" title="Soñando (espiritualidad)"><i><span style="font-family: Calibri;">ensueño</span></i></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> explica la creación del universo como un continuo eterna; <i>Everywhen.</i> <span class="google-src-text1">Through certain ceremonies, the past "opens up" and comes into the present.</span> A través de ciertas ceremonias, los últimos "abre" y entra en el presente. <span class="google-src-text1">Each topographical feature is a manifestation of dormant creation spirits; each individual has personal Dreamings and ceremonial responsibilities to look after the spirits/land, determined at birth, within this belief framework.</span> Cada característica topográfica es una manifestación de los espíritus creación latentes, y cada individuo tiene Sueños personales y responsabilidades ceremoniales para cuidar de los espíritus / tierra, determina al nacer, en este marco de creencias. </span></li>
</ul><span class="google-src-text1">Many religions accept the findings of </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_cosmology&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjCW-2G1-Gbu5z1itmFLH_j1tzE5Q" title="la cosmología física"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">physical cosmology</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> , in particular the </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjWzHu30N9NoBfYufgIcFQobh8BKg" title="Big Bang"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">Big Bang</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> , and some, such as the </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi5oVG2szLpnsVm7Z-mGVntv-Aarw" title="Iglesia Católica Romana"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">Roman Catholic Church</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> , have embraced it as suggesting a philosophical </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_cause&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjv45hIix_4Ubx9wYY3-rX4Uo7gFA" title="Primera causa"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">first cause</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> .</span> Muchas religiones aceptan las conclusiones de <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_cosmology&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjCW-2G1-Gbu5z1itmFLH_j1tzE5Q" title="la cosmología física">la cosmología física</a> , en particular, el <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjWzHu30N9NoBfYufgIcFQobh8BKg" title="Big Bang">Big Bang</a> , y algunos, como la <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi5oVG2szLpnsVm7Z-mGVntv-Aarw" title="Iglesia Católica Romana"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Iglesia Católica Romana</span></a> , lo han adoptado como lo que sugiere una filosofía <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_cause&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjv45hIix_4Ubx9wYY3-rX4Uo7gFA" title="Primera causa"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">primera causa</span></a> . <span class="google-src-text1">Others have tried to use the methodology of science to advocate for their own religious cosmology, as in </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligent_design&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhitQ_tkj-zfG4aWWNsy5ly1Pha1ug" title="Diseño inteligente"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">intelligent design</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> or </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creationist_cosmologies&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhh_Wby6D3MjmeouZVTCW4hNpoL7Ow" title="cosmologías creacionistas"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">creationist cosmologies</span></a><span class="google-src-text1"> .</span> Otros han tratado de utilizar la metodología de la ciencia para abogar por su cosmología religiosa, como en <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligent_design&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhitQ_tkj-zfG4aWWNsy5ly1Pha1ug" title="Diseño inteligente">el diseño inteligente</a> o <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creationist_cosmologies&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhh_Wby6D3MjmeouZVTCW4hNpoL7Ow" title="cosmologías creacionistas">creacionismo cosmologías</a> . <br />
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</div>Andres Gilhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03470310161637358429noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2128671703566810907.post-34966540501078679672010-11-01T13:19:00.000-07:002010-11-01T13:19:22.662-07:00HISTORIA Y AVANCES DE LA COSMOLOGIA HASTA LA ACTUALIDADz <br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Nombre </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><em><strong><u>Autor y fecha </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><em><strong><u>Clasificación </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><em><strong><u> Comentarios </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><em><strong><u><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Babilonia la cosmología</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assyro-Babylonian_literature&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhh_8WChxD80lNltfvfBoCUM4f0lZw" title="Asirio-babilónica la literatura"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Babilonia la literatura</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> (1900-1200 aC) </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><em><strong><u>Pluralidad de cielos y tierras </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> La </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjL6Ub0jDBYqg_o13hQM47CPoHj9A" title="Tierra"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Tierra</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> y los cielos son un "conjunto del territorio, incluso uno de </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical_Earth&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgSjucrINocyfN0oxmb5vA2XZas4w" title="Esférica la Tierra"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>forma redonda</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> ", en torno a la" secta-lugar de la </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deity&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhitwNPlR0HxRKr3IRVmALqVkBa_4w" title="Deidad"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>deidad</u></strong></em></span></span></a><em><strong><u><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> "en lugar de la Tierra, </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> y hay una pluralidad de cielos y tierras. </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmanda_Purana&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg6aG1TyyGvy3GNniwwWKRr1Tq3LQ" title="Brahmanda Purana"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Brahmanda (cosmología hindú)</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Hindú </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rigveda&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjlgCOTVLzrQyY1kgvmaNVhvxnSig" title="Rigveda"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Rigveda</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> (1500-1200 aC) </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"> Cíclica u oscilante, infinito en el tiempo </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"> El universo mantiene alrededor de 311000 mil millones y 40 millones de años que es de 100 años del creador cósmico de Brahma. Hay un período menor de no manifestación de alrededor de 4 millones de años que es un día en la vida de Brahma. Los ciclos de universo entre la expansión y el colapso total. Después de un ciclo de la vida de Brahma otro universo sigue hasta un número infinito de cada uno de los que existe para un período de tiempo de 311 billones de dólares y 40 mil millones años. También habla de un número infinito de universos en un momento determinado de tiempo. Universo se expandió de una forma concentrada, un punto llamado <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bindu&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjKXpRYCJ2V7YMTZBG6WFxUX3kPpA" title="Bindu"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Bindu</span></a> . El universo, como una entidad viva, se une a la perpetuidad <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsara&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhje_P08tSbWwqfno9npN-dwcR0Vtg" title="Samsara"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">del ciclo de nacimiento, muerte y renacimiento</span></a> . </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomism&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjFiwfmEUDDfeli90lHBsYBt-nOSQ" title="Atomismo"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Atomista universo</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaxagoras&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi8houNB16NqC36JVwmGHODFqyZew" title="Anaxágoras"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Anaxágoras</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> (500-428 aC) y más tarde </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epicurus&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhib_91mY6GV7nN0OSssyZ-qxGE9Nw" title="Epicuro"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Epicuro</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;">Infinito en extensión </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> El universo contiene sólo dos cosas: un número infinito de pequeñas semillas, o </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhike-77JE3qiJmFma78Rrhvwvmkbg" title="Atom"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>los átomos</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> y el vacío de la extensión infinita. Todos los átomos están hechos de la misma sustancia, pero difieren en tamaño y forma. Los objetos se forma a partir de las agregaciones de átomos y de nuevo la descomposición en átomos<span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">.</span> Incorpora </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leucippus&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhipjkMF-U85KEAHBYMGb7noAxVXlA" title="Leucipo"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Leucipo</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> principio "de </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causality&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiPvg5Gtq_twACOXozjWaFSYodJ8w" title="Causalidad"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>la causalidad</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> : "no pasa nada al azar, todo lo que sucede fuera de la razón y la necesidad." El universo no fue gobernado por </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gods&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjcGRlMa4ORiPaxAyjvcGE9m95ApQ" title="Dioses"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>los dioses</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> . </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pythagoreans&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhh4fcYsNprgHHQU6Hl5wXqvsMAL9A" title="Pitagóricos"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Pitágoras Universo</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="display: none; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hide: all;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philolaus&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhitdkBLyhWsgYaBx0hxAtFhzQ_XbQ" title="Filolao"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Philolaus</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>(muerto en 390 a. C.) </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;">Existencia de un "fuego central" en el centro del Universo. </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> En el centro del Universo es un fuego central, alrededor del cual la </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjL6Ub0jDBYqg_o13hQM47CPoHj9A" title="Tierra"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Tierra</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> , </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjjchWvufaDnjyUhHvt9SBch9a3og" title="Sun"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>dom</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> , </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiB0OG8f6IiyTBot8vXmZYePSkb4Q" title="Luna"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>la Luna</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> y </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planets&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhib_Px9ZfRyVslaRoKk4ZdVuSt6iw" title="Planetas"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>los planetas</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> giran de manera uniforme. El sol gira alrededor del fuego central una vez al año, las estrellas están inmóviles. La tierra en la propuesta mantiene la misma cara oculta hacia el fuego central, por lo que nunca serve. Este es el primer no-geocéntrica modelo conocido del Universo.</u></strong></em></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoicism&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhQGBhw4hUIXkcFQonWHq1yZp7rWg#Stoic_physics_and_cosmology" title="Estoicismo"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Estoico universo</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoics&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgEmvwLbK78GsCEtjW-Wsk-KPh5yg" title="Estoicos"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>toicos</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> (300 aC - 200 dC) </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_universe&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhh-81NmFap-S_tcJHz-iCfhI2aRgQ" title="Isla del universo"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Isla del universo</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> El </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmos&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhYjWwvGi-nMxmsNrAEKpxMAxLxTA" title="Cosmos"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>universo</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> es finito y está rodeado por un vacío infinito. Se encuentra en un estado de flujo, ya que late en el tamaño y periódicamente pasa a través de levantamientos y conflagraciones. </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Heavens&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiVgVckp6nOAdIJSQKCfO9sQTddcg" title="En los Cielos"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>universo aristotélico</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiqWxU-X2y7-gtDXb3r-tqE95e4Kw" title="Aristóteles"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Aristóteles</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> (384-322 aC) </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geocentric&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhEC1QB9Sdkw8Z0CNaUGIRrMWKSJw" title="Geocéntrico"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Geocéntrica</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> , estática, el estado de equilibrio, la extensión finita, un tiempo infinito </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> Tierra esférica <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>que está rodeado por concéntricas </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celestial_spheres&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgNc0nBz7KlJFAfrNeOseLLNfq8hQ" title="las esferas celestes"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>esferas celestes</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> . Universo existe sin cambios durante toda la eternidad. Contiene un 5 º elemento llamado </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aether_(classical_element)&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjYjxBUvdTvIDn6HkyvCG0r-Jv6JQ" title="Éter (elemento clásico)"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>éter</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> (más tarde conocido como quintaesencia). </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;">Aristarchean universo </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristarchus_of_Samos&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgkJiTTC6M8qgkfvD7B_C2kEx2wSQ" title="Aristarco de Samos"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Aristarco</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> (circa 280 aC) </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliocentric&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgKvY1udTRTA5vu8zvDi7CQLRIHMQ" title="Heliocéntrico"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Heliocéntrico</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"> Tierra rota diariamente sobre su eje y gira alrededor del Sol cada año en una órbita circular. Esfera de estrellas fijas se centra alrededor del sol. </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;">universo Seleucian </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seleucus_of_Seleucia&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjTQQWzoue5J9zGN6r7dOpuU2q7MQ" title="Seleuco de Seleucia"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Seleuco de Seleucia</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> (c. 190 a. C.) </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;">Heliocéntrico </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> Modificaciones al universo Aristarchean, con la inclusión de la </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tide&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg-7I9YpinbCJ2HAPTX0yyOwMpy2g" title="Marea"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>marea</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> fenómeno para explicar el heliocentrismo. </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geocentric_model&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjtpYoUhRsDcfbzh3XJtkxWs_Of5Q" title="Modelo geocéntrico"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Ptolemaico</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> (basado en el universo aristotélico) </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiILIDc2MBtspFbcD_iigXrgAY8xA" title="Ptolomeo"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Ptolomeo</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> (siglo 2 dC) </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;">Geocéntrico </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;">El Universo tiene órbitas alrededor de una Tierra estacionaria. Los Planetas se mueven en la circular <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epicycles&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg0_nGztjHf4xdNllSOLGSJgO8W-A" title="Epiciclos"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">epiciclos</span></a> , cada uno con un centro que se movía en una órbita circular más grande (llamado un excéntrico o un deferente) alrededor de un punto central cerca de la Tierra. El uso de ecuantes añadió otro nivel de complejidad y permite a los astrónomos predecir las posiciones de los planetas. El modelo más exitoso universo de todos los tiempos, utilizando el criterio de la longevidad. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almagest&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjpkz2koiwybCTqvIGrxQzlmcklvA" title="Almagesto"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Almagesto</span></a> (el Sistema de los Grandes). </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 10;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aryabhata&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhnCGZ56W33fQAuvHO6yQ2RGZzm9A#Astronomy" title="Aryabhata"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Aryabhatan modelo</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="display: none; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hide: all;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aryabhata&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhnCGZ56W33fQAuvHO6yQ2RGZzm9A" title="Aryabhata"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>A</u></strong></em></span></span></a></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aryabhata&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhnCGZ56W33fQAuvHO6yQ2RGZzm9A" title="Aryabhata"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>ryabhata</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> (499) </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"> Geocéntrico o heliocéntrico </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> La </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth's_rotation&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiRnQl7paqXwHiIR2VnoxATrz5vQQ" title="rotación de la Tierra"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>gira la Tierra</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> y los planetas se mueven en </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptical_orbit&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjZga4LJwFYBrppc5M9Q_rjO4fEnw" title="Órbita elíptica"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>órbitas elípticas</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> , posiblemente alrededor de la Tierra o el Sol. No está claro si el modelo es geocéntrico o heliocéntrico, debido a las órbitas planetarias dado con respecto tanto a la Tierra y el Sol. </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 11;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;">U<a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abrahamic_religion&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgUn2KwzMp1h3E27TW5ExeETEQwSA" title="religión abrahámica"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>niverso de Abraham</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_philosophy&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi-x5sv5l905b5o_5NeTnBtqga4Ng" title="la filosofía medieval"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>filósofos medievales</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> (500-1200)</u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;">Finita en el tiempo </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>El </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universe&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhikbDtE9AxmCD_yaKSpRkB8iSrF_g" title="Universo"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>universo</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> es finito en </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjc_F11JtnCL0bBZrpYUWJBWLH-oQ" title="Tiempo"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>el tiempo</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> y con un comienzo es propuesto por el </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_philosophy&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgDPlsCa1tbBomzztHHiXKx2IduWA" title="la filosofía cristiana"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>filósofo cristiano</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> , </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Philoponus&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgXM9KJl5tP-iUUrw9K8rElSOTrLw" title="Juan Filopón"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Juan Filopón</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> , que se opone a la antigua noción griega de un pasado infinito. Argumentos lógicos y apoyo a un universo finito son desarrolladas por la </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Islamic_philosophy&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjDCgkYj5jkk7bDApQULlJZP07XxA" title="la filosofía islámico temprano"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>temprana filósofo musulmán</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> , </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Kindi&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgS_KylGw1CWZt-0dr-xHV0Ofebig" title="Al-Kindi"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Alkindus</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> , el </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_philosophy&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiDDIBM_pcdv-rKsaMTE9aApVwn7A" title="la filosofía judía"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>filósofo judío</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> , </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saadia_Gaon&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhithtJrGdH01X7SlvmFAJbwLB-y1A" title="Saadia Gaón"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Saadia Gaon</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> , y el </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalam&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiPtQdre6Ei0mriENKQ7mdS_Pq_eA" title="Kalam"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>teólogo musulmán</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> , </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ghazali&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhb-rNhjnqsoemgwX3bBYmXqr8tQA" title="Al-Ghazali"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Algazel</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> . </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 12;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_cosmology&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiBSK79195n_7q7CZtkWKlww6eZrA#Multiversal_cosmology" title="La cosmología islámica"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Multiversal cosmología</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fakhr_al-Din_al-Razi&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjTIMFJ_P-zmoEcF91VuA8DcuDceA" title="Fajr al-Din al-Razi"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Fajr al-Din al-Razi</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> (1149-1209) </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiverse&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhkaVfxVUbcJ3SdSOPh6kbpMHSORQ" title="Multiverso"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Multiverso</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> , múltiples mundos y universos </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> Al-Razi rechaza la idea de un universo centrado en la Tierra y, en el contexto de su comentario sobre el </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qur'an&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhh7aMuaPC6x8MtBhjOr-DxuXie-Sw" title="Corán"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Corán</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> versículo: "Todas las alabanzas pertenecen a Dios, Señor de los Mundos", propone que el universo tiene más de "mil miles de mundos más allá de este mundo, que cada uno de los mundos más grande y más masiva que este mundo, además de tener el estilo de lo que este mundo tiene, </u></strong></em></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> y que podría haber un número infinito de universos.</u></strong></em></span></span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 13;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="display: none; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hide: all;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomy_in_medieval_Islam&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiZtcLMQ14rK4r3BLLNp41CbTVaFQ#Maragha_Revolution" title="Astronomía en el Islam medieval"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Maragha models</u></strong></em></span></span></a></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomy_in_medieval_Islam&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiZtcLMQ14rK4r3BLLNp41CbTVaFQ#Maragha_Revolution" title="Astronomía en el Islam medieval"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Maragha modelos</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maragheh_observatory&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiCjoxEuZwETDe01b5MU7DoNwYoCg" title="Maragheh observatorio"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>la escuela Maragha</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> (1259-1528) </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;">Geocéntrico </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> Otros modelos más propuestas, incluyendo el primer precisa </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiB0OG8f6IiyTBot8vXmZYePSkb4Q" title="Luna"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>lunar</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> modelo por </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_al-Shatir&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi9x5q_DkESJ_xBPWS7UfZz1EcDcA" title="Ibn al-Shatir"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Ibn al-Shatir</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> , un modelo de rechazar la Tierra de escritorio en favor de </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth's_rotation&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiRnQl7paqXwHiIR2VnoxATrz5vQQ" title="rotación de la Tierra"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>la rotación de la Tierra</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> por </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Ku%25C5%259F%25C3%25A7u&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgqmOC0aWBEQzOiSIWjysgfg2poVA" title="Ali Kuşçu"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Ali Kuşçu</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> , y el modelo planetario de la incorporación de "circular </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inertia&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiLhot8qbCcHialP1rmwbqXfVQEoQ" title="Inercia"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>inercia</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> "de </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Birjandi&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgXEw0XpAPW55S1HyWmH2u_NcYPLQ" title="Al-Birjandi"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Al-Birjandi</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> . </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 14;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerala_school_of_astronomy_and_mathematics&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhGu4UXWfosB2TEJXpe5dKN9XDGYQ#Astronomy" title="Kerala, la escuela de la astronomía y las matemáticas"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Nilakanthan modelo</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="display: none; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hide: all;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>)</u></strong></em></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nilakantha_Somayaji&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhh__bg895mEVQQjuujQ9yb-V24i3A" title="Nilakantha Somayaji"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Nilakantha Somayaji</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> (1444-1544) </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;">Geocéntrico y heliocéntrico </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> Un universo en el que los planetas giran alrededor del Sol y el Sol gira alrededor de la Tierra, similar a la posterior </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tychonic_system&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiMFCRQTR776CGViwUze-Wqiarkbw" title="Tycho sistema"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>sistema de Tycho</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> . </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 15;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copernican_heliocentrism&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgscoNP4fVn42dH15gPBx18YEsyXg" title="Heliocentrismo copernicano"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Universo de Copérnico</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaus_Copernicus&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgEUbouMYQTtaLC1fgvViv7FByn7g" title="Nicolás Copérnico"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Nicolás Copérnico</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> (1543) </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="display: none; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hide: all;">H</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;">eliocéntrico </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> El geocéntrica </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maragheh_observatory&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiCjoxEuZwETDe01b5MU7DoNwYoCg" title="Maragheh observatorio"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>modelo Maragha</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> de </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_al-Shatir&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi9x5q_DkESJ_xBPWS7UfZz1EcDcA" title="Ibn al-Shatir"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Ibn al-Shatir</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> adaptarse a las exigencias de la antigua Aristarchean universo heliocéntrico en su </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_revolutionibus_orbium_coelestium&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjZKHwK-5Mqk4VlKds0cSINw3_kYg" title="De revolutionibus orbium coelestium"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>orbium coelestium De revolutionibus</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> . </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 16;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tychonic_system&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiMFCRQTR776CGViwUze-Wqiarkbw" title="Tycho sistema"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Tycho sistema</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tycho_Brahe&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgSFkEVN7LUPC6BRxWz_DLA_5RSCQ" title="Tycho Brahe"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Tycho Brahe</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> (1546-1601) </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;">Geocéntrico y heliocéntrico </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> Un universo en el que los planetas giran alrededor del Sol y el Sol gira alrededor de la Tierra, similar al anterior </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nilakantha_Somayaji&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhh__bg895mEVQQjuujQ9yb-V24i3A" title="Nilakantha Somayaji"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>modelo Nilakanthan</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> . </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 17;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;">Estático de Newton </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> Sir </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Newton&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi9_Jby0KlLYQ1Wn6V63tU9vXDuTQ" title="Isaac Newton"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Isaac Newton</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> (1642-1727) </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static_universe&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjcReFCyKoJQtw03SD4i3QkIkxMlw" title="Universo estático"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Estática</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> (en evolución), el estado de equilibrio, infinito </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"> Cada partícula del universo atrae a toda otra partícula. La materia en la escala grande se distribuye uniformemente.Gravitacionalmente equilibrado, pero inestable. </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 18;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_explanations_of_gravitation&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjq9ioUwoOkQO6TQfx_Yq0QIWJkJA#Vortex" title="Explicaciones mecánicas de la gravedad"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Cartesiana Vortex</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> universo </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%25C3%25A9_Descartes&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi5bsQD8606Jlo4_sg3tJd4uGDLEA" title="René Descartes"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>René Descartes</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"> siglo XVII</span></u></strong></em></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"> Estática (en evolución), el estado de equilibrio, infinito </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"> Un sistema de grandes remolinos remolinos de la materia aethereal o bien produce lo que podríamos llamar efectos gravitatorios. Su vacío no estaba vacía.Todo el espacio se llenó con la materia que se arremolinaba alrededor de vórtices grandes y pequeños. </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 19;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;">Jerárquica universo </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Kant&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhUGSjxiufhVKp5sGXWmvhOkrgU8A" title="Immanuel Kant"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Immanuel Kant</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"> , </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Lambert&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgKZB81zVATu4rfkITandg2Ran7-Q" title="Johann Lambert"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Johann Lambert</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"> siglo 18 </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"> Estática (en evolución), el estado de equilibrio, infinito </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;">La materia se agrupa en escalas cada vez mayores de la jerarquía. La materia es infinitamente ser reciclados. </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 20;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static_universe&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjcReFCyKoJQtw03SD4i3QkIkxMlw" title="Universo estático"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Universo de Einstein con constante cosmológica</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="display: none; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hide: all;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhiNz-rr359vSZYwoC_oLmh1vtfTg" title="Albert Einstein"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Albert Einstein</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> 1917</u></strong></em></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><strong> Limitada (finita) </strong></span></u></em></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"> Contiene materia uniformemente distribuida. Uniformemente curvado espacio esférico, sobre la base de hiperesfera de Riemann. Curvatura es igual a Λ. En Λ efecto es equivalente a una fuerza de repulsión que contrarresta la gravedad<span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">.</span> Inestable. </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 21;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Sitter_universe&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhj0f6yo9O3yJwds1nP28IR-g7DPOg" title="De Sitter universo"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>De Sitter universo</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willem_de_Sitter&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhh0osao0VZ-oNN9StFUic-5uthT2Q" title="Willem de Sitter"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Willem de Sitter</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> 1917 </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_expansion_of_space&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhj2oFGnSk6VUIuY4j_vY8gDHsf7Kg" title="Métrica de expansión del espacio"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Ampliación de</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shape_of_the_universe&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjYmDEkIoPOGT1WwDXKcHEnnSTscw" title="Forma del universo"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>espacio plano</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> . </u></strong></em></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="display: none; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hide: all;">.</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"> El estado estable. <span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">Λ > 0</span> </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;">Sólo aparentemente estática. Sobre la base de Einstein de <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Relativity&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiE687PsQs4EZ7dsuZBJnfbbaCAbg" title="General de la Relatividad"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">la Relatividad General</span></a> . El espacio se expande con constante <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerating_universe&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgjtjY5M5b0at7DbgMKit-d5874_A" title="Acelerar el universo"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">aceleración</span></a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scale_factor_(universe)&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhpCi6uitgNa9qUQLQ7ZhVkQGh8Lg" title="Factor de escala (el universo)"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">factor de escala</span></a> (radio del universo) aumenta de manera exponencial, es decir, constante <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_inflation&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg8ol-V4ahXLM8A_-OEJbgBlHQ54Q" title="La inflación cósmica"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">inflación</span></a> . </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 22;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;">MacMillan </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Duncan_MacMillan&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhihhpwpVwk25-cctFLilibiKyXAWA" title="William MacMillan Duncan"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>William Duncan MacMillan</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> 1920 </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"> Estática y </span></u></strong></em></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;">el estado de equilibrio </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Nueva materia es creada a partir de </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhhkZ6bejHZwyY3BZPp7c64xAwxjA" title="Radiación"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>la radiación</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> . Luz de las estrellas es reciclada continuamente en las partículas de materia nueva. </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 23;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedmann_equations&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi8pZNWWRf3Zwn1mar532mrA2hNZQ" title="Ecuaciones de Friedmann"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Friedmann universo</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> de espacio esférico </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Friedmann&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjg3J3AqFagUbNfSYlDeVwGnWNL3g" title="Alexander Friedmann"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Alexander Friedmann</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> 1922 </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;">Esférica ampliar el espacio. </span></u></strong></em></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="display: none; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hide: all;">k= +1 ; no Λ</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"> k = 1, sin Λ </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"> Curvatura positiva.Curvatura constante k = 1 </span></u></strong></em></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_expansion_of_space&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhj2oFGnSk6VUIuY4j_vY8gDHsf7Kg" title="Métrica de expansión del espacio"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Expande</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> entonces </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_crunch&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgNpkHLhhSxA_AxoyboFUYV4hqTew" title="Big Crunch"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>recollapses</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> . </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shape_of_the_universe&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjYmDEkIoPOGT1WwDXKcHEnnSTscw" title="Forma del universo"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Espacialmente cerrado</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> (finito). </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 24;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedmann_equations&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhi8pZNWWRf3Zwn1mar532mrA2hNZQ" title="Ecuaciones de Friedmann"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Friedmann universo</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> de espacio hiperbólico </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Friedmann&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjg3J3AqFagUbNfSYlDeVwGnWNL3g" title="Alexander Friedmann"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Alexander Friedmann</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> 1924 </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbolic_space&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhVRICyEBgto8kLmpA5MxsuMMC4Cw" title="Hiperbólica del espacio"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Hiperbólica</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> ampliar el espacio. </u></strong></em></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="display: none; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hide: all;">k= -1 ; no Λ</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"> k = -1, sin Λ </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shape_of_the_universe&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjYmDEkIoPOGT1WwDXKcHEnnSTscw" title="Forma del universo"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Curvatura negativa</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> . Se dice que es infinito (aunque ambigua)<span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">.</span> Sin límites.<span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">.</span> Se expande para siempre. </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 25;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirac_large_numbers_hypothesis&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjVURh63fLOpgM_TBTqxOxwXRYSTw" title="Dirac gran número de hipótesis"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Dirac hipótesis de grandes números de</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Dirac&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhe44Lj8xh4gPHzKDkFmsBr7sTB0Q" title="Paul Dirac"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Paul Dirac</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> 1930 </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;">Ampliar </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"> Exige una gran variación en G, que disminuye con el tiempo<span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">.</span> La gravedad se debilita a medida universo evoluciona. </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 26;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"> Friedmann cero curvatura, también conocido como el universo de Einstein-Sitter </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;">Einstein y Sitter 1932 </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"> Ampliar el espacio plano. </span></u></strong></em></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="display: none; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hide: all;">k= 0 ; Λ = 0 </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;">la densidad crítica </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;">Se dice que es infinito (aunque ambigua). "Cosmos ilimitado de forma limitada<span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">.</span> Se expande para siempre. "Más simple" de todos los universos conocidos. Nombrado después pero no considerado por Friedmann. Tiene un <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deceleration_parameter&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjIkdAnHoD7HetduM5ZpQbY2XHUjg" title="Parámetro de desaceleración"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">plazo de desaceleración</span></a> q = ½ lo que significa que su tasa de expansión se desacelera. </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 27;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="display: none; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hide: all;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Lema%25C3%25AEtre&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg4cbweU8JMDh6yf5Xf-JIHS2taWQ" title="Georges Lemaître"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Georges Lemaître</u></strong></em></span></span></a></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Lema%25C3%25AEtre&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg4cbweU8JMDh6yf5Xf-JIHS2taWQ" title="Georges Lemaître"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Georges Lemaître</span></a></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"> <span lang="EN-US"></span></span></u></strong></em></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span lang="EN-US" style="display: none; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hide: all;">the original </span><span style="display: none; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hide: all;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjWzHu30N9NoBfYufgIcFQobh8BKg" title="Big Bang"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Big Bang</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="display: none; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hide: all;"> .</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"> el original </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjWzHu30N9NoBfYufgIcFQobh8BKg" title="Big Bang"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Big Bang</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"> . <span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">aka Friedmann-Lemaître Model</span> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;">aka Friedmann-Lemaître Modelo </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="display: none; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hide: all;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Lema%25C3%25AEtre&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg4cbweU8JMDh6yf5Xf-JIHS2taWQ" title="Georges Lemaître"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Georges Lemaître</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> 1927-29</u></strong></em></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Lema%25C3%25AEtre&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg4cbweU8JMDh6yf5Xf-JIHS2taWQ" title="Georges Lemaître"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Georges Lemaître</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> 1927-1929 </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;">Expansión </span></u></strong></em></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="display: none; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hide: all;">Λ > 0 Λ > </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"> Peso | </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;">Λ es positivo y tiene una magnitud mayor que la gravedad. Universo ha estado inicial de alta densidad ("átomo primitivo"). Seguido por una fase de expansión de dos. Λ es utilizada para desestabilizar el universo. (Lemaître es considerado como el padre de la modelo del big bang.) </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 28;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscillating_universe&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhguEtCNCxBy1waYLZcc_qhjGGaDiA" title="Oscilante universo"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Oscilante universo</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;">(También conocido como Friedmann-Einstein, fue la elección primera de este último, tras rechazar su propio modelo de 1917) </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;">Favorecido por Friedmann </span></u></strong></em></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="display: none; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hide: all;">1920s</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"> 1920 </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;">Expansión y contracción en los ciclos </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"> El tiempo es sin fin y sin principio, por lo que evita el inicio de la paradoja de tiempo. Ciclos perpetuos de big bang seguido de big crunch. </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 29;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;">Eddington </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="display: none; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hide: all;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>1930</u></strong></em></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Eddington&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhijmi_1TkBnOA2qfsCSZbLWsfsa6w" title="Arthur Eddington"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Arthur Eddington</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> 1930 </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;">En primer lugar estático y luego se </span></u></strong></em></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"> expande </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="display: none; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hide: all;">.</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"> Estático de Einstein 1.917 universo con su inestabilidad alterado en modo de expansión, con la dilución de la materia implacable se convierte en un universo Sitter. <span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">.</span> Λ domina la gravedad. </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 30;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milne_universe&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhghv_Xts5z10F0fykJRWGG26yxOfA" title="Milne universo"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Milne universo</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> de la relatividad cinemática </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="display: none; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hide: all;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_H._McCrea&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgsLZTmfFiawzzIAjA7DJV3G8j8Dw" title="William H. McCrea"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>William H. McCrea</u></strong></em></span></span></a></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span lang="EN-US" style="display: none; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hide: all;"> , 1930s</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_H._McCrea&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgsLZTmfFiawzzIAjA7DJV3G8j8Dw" title="William H. McCrea"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">William H. McCrea</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"> , 1930 </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="display: none; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hide: all;">expansion</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"> Cinemática de expansión con la expansión del espacio</span></u></strong></em></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"> Rechaza la relatividad general y el paradigma del espacio en expansión. La gravedad no incluye como suposición inicial. Obedece principio cosmológico y reglas de <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_relativity&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgJzkrJJyRjekAQ5oApiVHjb3e-MA" title="La relatividad especial"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">la relatividad especial</span></a> . El universo de Milne expansión consiste en una nube esférica finita de partículas (o galaxias) que se expande dentro de un espacio plano, que es infinito y vacío de otra manera. Dispone de un centro y un borde cósmico (la superficie de la nube de partículas) que se expande a velocidad de la luz. Su explicación de la gravedad fue elaborada y convincente. Por ejemplo, el universo tiene un número infinito de partículas, por lo tanto, la masa infinita, dentro de un volumen finito cósmica. </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 31;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedmann-Lema%25C3%25AEtre-Robertson-Walker&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgimY7y_OVqQwh0Uqaxz_MRzxH6dw" title="Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> clase de modelos </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="display: none; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hide: all;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> 1935</u></strong></em></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Percy_Robertson&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhV76gwKaydgp2cRhE_tRgaA4_A9g" title="Howard Percy Robertson"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Howard Robertson</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> , </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Geoffrey_Walker&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiW_NVD9T5RzZuipWmsqxbHUf0JBg" title="Arthur Geoffrey Walker"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Arthur Walker</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> , 1935 </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;">De manera uniforme en expansión </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"> Clase de universos que son homogéneos e isótropos. Separa el espacio-tiempo en el espacio de manera uniforme curvas y el tiempo cósmico común a todos los observadores comóviles. El sistema de formulación que hoy se conoce como el FLRW o Robertson-Walker métricas de tiempo cósmico y el espacio curvado. </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 32;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steady_state_theory&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhvgaYfSV1fod8FIf-j39-7yg_X1g" title="teoría del estado estacionario"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>En estado estacionario</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> en expansión (Bondi y Gold) </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Bondi&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhZLrheGZMGA4BoV8cb0JAYKv1OCg" title="Herman Bondi"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Herman Bondi</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> , </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Gold&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjdbTdFremEPWX6J-M_f6aIbfTzEg" title="Thomas Gold"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Thomas Gold</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> 1948 </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;">La ampliación, el estado de equilibrio, infinito </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="display: none; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hide: all;">.</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;">Tasa de creación de la materia mantiene una densidad constante. a cabo la creación continua de la nada de la nada. La expansión exponencial. Desaceleración plazo q = -1. </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 33;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"> En estado estacionario en expansión (Hoyle) </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Hoyle&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiprRbN_DsTgRegnU7yYwkgpkrGhw" title="Fred Hoyle"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Fred Hoyle</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> 1948 </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"> La ampliación, el estado de equilibrio, pero inestable </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"> Tasa de creación de la materia mantiene una densidad constante. Pero como tasa de creación de la materia debe ser exactamente equilibrado con la tasa de expansión del espacio el sistema es inestable. </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 34;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambiplasma&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjnmgYUPDBnl-KGcRszF6pmYaNs_g" title="Ambiplasma"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Ambiplasma</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hannes_Alfv%25C3%25A9n&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiScsDJaH57Q_qXaKkRqx151IADIQ" title="Hannes Alfvén"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Hannes Alfvén</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> 1965 </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oskar_Klein&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgwv2ZDPW4_Y2MFzj6Q6QcZJJQyoA" title="Oskar Klein"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Oskar Klein</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;">Universo Celular, la expansión por medio de la aniquilación materia-antimateria </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> Basado en el concepto de </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_cosmology&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgwRbsq71rGug9MXyHCXyJo9uNhkg" title="La cosmología del plasma"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>la cosmología del plasma</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span></span>.</span> El universo es visto como meta-galaxias dividido por </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_layer_(plasma)&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhkx9LqhLxSt8lU5OlKSMAWTgXtBA" title="Doble capa (plasma)"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>dos capas</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> , de ahí su parecido a la naturaleza de la burbuja. Otros universos se forman a partir de otras burbujas. En curso la materia cósmica- </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimatter&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjHDjJxCaNSul-kyEN0eYQFxlFKfg" title="Antimateria"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>antimateria</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annihilation&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhvb9l_q6C8zBX1fu0abSXtevvQkQ" title="Aniquilación"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>aniquilaciones</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> mantener separadas las burbujas y separando les impide interactuar. </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 35;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brans-Dicke&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiFdDS199yBzdZW00SyPpQ5LU2hcw" title="Salvados-Dicke"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Salvados-Dicke</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_H._Brans&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg-0jB5onGMXdIxbCMzieNDwcifpQ" title="Carl H. Salvados"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Carl H. Salvados</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> , </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_H._Dicke&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgQlPIOWcqvjvc9A8PTjxL8P0CRJg" title="Robert H. Dicke"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Robert H. Dicke</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;">Ampliar </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="display: none; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hide: all;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>.</u></strong></em></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> Con base en </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mach%25E2%2580%2599s_principle&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhKONxvV5UZtIzT5e_3qInlPkIWpA" title="principio de Mach"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>los principio de Mach</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> . G varía con el tiempo como universo se expande. "Pero nadie está muy seguro de lo que es principio de Mach en realidad significa."</u></strong></em></span></span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 36;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_inflation&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg8ol-V4ahXLM8A_-OEJbgBlHQ54Q" title="La inflación cósmica"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>La inflación cósmica</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Guth&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhAZ_N04SdJ4fbNY2xYKdeOqv8Bxw" title="Alan Guth"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Alan Guth</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> 1980 </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="display: none; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hide: all;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>.</u></strong></em></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjWzHu30N9NoBfYufgIcFQobh8BKg" title="Big Bang"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Big Bang</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> con la modificación de resolver </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizon_problem&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjDCH7IfNggxn3Deud55j43vDBQ3g" title="Horizonte problema"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>problema del horizonte</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> y el </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flatness_problem&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg5RuaqKBi0u_1OSEaNbSB8o2MKSw" title="Llanura problema"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>problema de planitud</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> . </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"> Basado en el concepto de la inflación en caliente. El universo es visto como un flujo múltiple su quantum, de ahí la naturaleza de la burbuja-como<span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">.</span> Otros universos se forman a partir de otras burbujas<span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">.</span> la expansión cósmica curso mantiene las burbujas separadas y separando les impide interactuar. </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 37;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaotic_inflation_theory&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhj_dCrYpic7_p9dIgZaS7weTdj7LQ" title="Caótica teoría de la inflación"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>La inflación eterna</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> (un modelo del universo múltiple) </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrei_Linde&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiVW5K3rUuTwf1wDNMDu7HPziuhZA" title="Andrei Linde"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Andrei Linde</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> 1983 </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> Big Bang con </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_inflation&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg8ol-V4ahXLM8A_-OEJbgBlHQ54Q" title="La inflación cósmica"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>la inflación cósmica</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> Un </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiverse&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhkaVfxVUbcJ3SdSOPh6kbpMHSORQ" title="Multiverso"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>multiverso</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> , basado en el concepto de inflado en frío, en los que los eventos ocurren al azar inflacionarias cada uno con independencia condiciones iniciales, algunos expandirse hacia universos burbuja supuestamente como nuestro cosmos entero.Burbujas nucleada en una espuma de espacio-tiempo. </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 38;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_model&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjh_EfRy2zCPOikqNFXle1GL2qIvw" title="Modelo cíclico"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Modelo cíclico</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Steinhardt&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhequ2PnzSkBJJ9AXGIUq1gR5P5XA" title="Paul Steinhardt"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Paul Steinhardt</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> , </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Turok&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg1eocXbKAvqAvOIalOr9DvcliZ7A" title="Neil Turok"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Neil Turok</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> 2002 </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Expansión y contracción en los ciclos, </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M_theory&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhj3I-83RmpfM1aM2X8XrQJXY9Np4A" title="La teoría M"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>la teoría M</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> . </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Dos paralelas </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbifold&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjZYIrQUX9Wh96dNKSRe3RznvGVnQ" title="Orbifold"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>orbifold</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> aviones o M- </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brane&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhiXIaZ3TXBY20M0x5dwXN1xy0Mhmg" title="Brane"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>branas</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> colisionan periódicamente en un espacio dimensional superior. Con </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quintessence_(physics)&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhiO6LL9pkI_eZ2Rma2Yqg5cwFwSw" title="Quintaesencia (física)"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>quintaesencia</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> o </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhh8uX2u5Il7iHUmGMJGP9Ilh9zyRw" title="La energía oscura"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>energía oscura</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 39; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_model&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjh_EfRy2zCPOikqNFXle1GL2qIvw" title="Modelo cíclico"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Modelo cíclico</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Lauris Baum, </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Frampton&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhcJIARHmp8T92ZYqhgujvtNFOJsg" title="Paul Frampton"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Paul Frampton</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> 2007 </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Solución de </u></strong></em></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Tolman&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhg8v7dR7nO58cdfM1OocmriNRPuQQ" title="Richard Tolman"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Tolman</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> 's problema de la entropía </u></strong></em></span></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phantom_energy&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgrgCOi1rJgf4xKYOFke7nTCIjwPQ" title="Fantasma de la energía"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u>Fantasma de la energía oscura</u></strong></em></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u> fragmentos universo </u></strong></em></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em><strong><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;">en gran número de parches desconectado. Nuestros contratos parche que contiene sólo la energía oscura con cero <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&ie=UTF-8&sl=en&tl=es&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhjoeKOSTjqjC8eRbh1exbfWDiczzQ" title="Entropía"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">entropía</span></a> . </span></u></strong></em></span></div></td></tr>
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<em><strong><u></u></strong></em></div>Andres Gilhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03470310161637358429noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2128671703566810907.post-48718301149717992062010-10-31T10:18:00.000-07:002010-11-01T13:20:01.797-07:00Cosmologia<span style="color: black;"><strong>Cosmología</strong> (del griego <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">κοσμολογία</span> - <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">κόσμος,</span> <i>kosmos</i> , "universo", <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">y-λογία,</span> <i>-logía</i> , "estudio"), en sentido estricto, se refiere al estudio del Universo en su totalidad,<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">.</span> A pesar de la <i>cosmología es una </i> palabra reciente (utilizado por primera vez en 1730 en Christian Wolff 's <i>Cosmologia Generalis),</i> el estudio del universo tiene una larga historia de participación de la ciencia , la filosofía , esoterismo y religión</span></span><br />
<span onmouseout="_tipoff()" onmouseover="_tipon(this)"><span style="color: black;">El nacimiento de la cosmología moderna puede situarse en 1700 con la hipótesis de que las estrellas de la Vía Láctea (la franja de luz blanca visible en las noches serenas de un extremo a otro de la bóveda celeste), pertenecen a un sistema estelar de forma discoidal, del cual el propio Sol forma parte; y que otros cuerpos nebulosos visibles con el telescopio son sistemas estelares similares a la Vía Láctea, pero muy lejanos</span></span>Andres Gilhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03470310161637358429noreply@blogger.com0